Source: https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/combined-boyle-s-charles-s-gay-lussac-s-law-calculator/

instrument / verified-clean

# Combined/Boyle's/Charles's/Gay-Lussac's Law Calculator

The current ledger marks this instrument verified clean within the source-bound verification corpus.

Status: **VERIFIED_CLEAN**Lifecycle: **verified-clean**

## Inspectable records

[01**Overview**Purpose and lifecycle](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/combined-boyle-s-charles-s-gay-lussac-s-law-calculator/>)[02**Mechanism**Method and assumptions](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/combined-boyle-s-charles-s-gay-lussac-s-law-calculator/mechanism/>)[03**Implementation**Binding and validation](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/combined-boyle-s-charles-s-gay-lussac-s-law-calculator/implementation/>)[04**Qualification**Evidence and errata](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/combined-boyle-s-charles-s-gay-lussac-s-law-calculator/qualification/>)

## Ledger state

The current ledger marks this instrument verified clean within the source-bound verification corpus.

**Area**: Thermodynamics, Fluids & Aero

**Tranche**: tranche-2

**Evidence ID**: t2-012

**Ledger rows**: 1

No ledger note is attached.

## Review findings

The equations themselves are correct standard paired-state relations under their stated physical assumptions. Verdict is NEEDS_REVIEW because the intended meaning of “Combined,” the unknown-variable selection, denominator constraints, and unit conventions are unspecified.

### Formula and scope findings

- The three listed equations are standard paired-state gas-law formulas, but the specification does not define which variable is unknown or explicitly state the required fixed-variable constraint for each selection.

- The name includes “Combined,” which is ambiguous: if it claims the combined gas law, the formula P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2 is missing; if “Combined” only means a collection of calculators, the name should say so.

### Unit assumptions

- Temperatures must be absolute temperatures in kelvins; Celsius or Fahrenheit values must be converted before calculation.

- Pressures must use the same units in both states and should be absolute pressure, not gauge pressure.

- Volumes must use the same units in both states.

- Boyle's law assumes constant temperature, Charles's law assumes constant pressure, and Gay-Lussac's law assumes constant volume.

- The formulas describe idealized gas behavior and are not universally accurate for real gases, especially near phase transitions or extreme pressures and temperatures.

## Boundary hardening

**BREAK_CLAIMED** · SELF_FLAGGED

The specification exposes a division-by-zero case at 0 K and does not state temperature-unit validation or an explicit Kelvin conversion requirement. The selectable-law toggle also produces materially different results unless the held-fixed variable is enforced.

## Errata and corrections

No applied erratum is attached to this unique-name record.

## Inspectable example

4 review vectors are recorded. One source-bound sample is shown below.

````
{
  "inputs": {
    "law": "Boyle's law",
    "P1_kPa": 101.325,
    "V1_L": 2,
    "P2_kPa": 202.65
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "V2_L": 1
  },
  "working": "P1V1=P2V2. Solve V2=(P1V1)/P2. V2=(101.325 kPa × 2.00 L) / 202.65 kPa = 202.65 kPa·L / 202.65 kPa = 1.00 L."
}
````

## Related workflows

No source-defined multi-instrument workflow membership is recorded.

## Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

- `VERIFIED_LEDGER.json · VERIFIED_CLEAN`

- `evidence-tranche2/tranche2-results.json`

- `BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json`