Source: https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/gibbs-free-energy-spontaneity-calculator/

instrument / verified-clean

# Gibbs Free Energy / Spontaneity Calculator

The current ledger marks this instrument verified clean within the source-bound verification corpus.

Status: **VERIFIED_CLEAN**Lifecycle: **verified-clean**

## Inspectable records

[01**Overview**Purpose and lifecycle](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/gibbs-free-energy-spontaneity-calculator/>)[02**Mechanism**Method and assumptions](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/gibbs-free-energy-spontaneity-calculator/mechanism/>)[03**Implementation**Binding and validation](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/gibbs-free-energy-spontaneity-calculator/implementation/>)[04**Qualification**Evidence and errata](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/gibbs-free-energy-spontaneity-calculator/qualification/>)

## Ledger state

The current ledger marks this instrument verified clean within the source-bound verification corpus.

**Area**: Chemistry & Materials

**Tranche**: tranche-4

**Evidence ID**: t4-243

**Ledger rows**: 1

No ledger note is attached.

## Review findings

The listed formulas are standard, but the specification is ambiguous about standard versus nonstandard quantities, omits the crossover formula and the required temperature for the K-to-ΔG° path, and does not define how the spontaneity verdict handles ΔG=0 or invalid crossover temperatures.

### Formula and scope findings

- ΔG=ΔH−TΔS is correct when ΔH and ΔS refer to the same reaction and consistent thermodynamic state; the spec does not distinguish ΔG from ΔG° or state whether the inputs are standard quantities.

- ΔG°=−RT ln K is correct only for a dimensionless equilibrium constant K and a specified absolute temperature T; the stated 'K to back out ΔG°' input path does not explicitly require T.

- The claimed crossover temperature requires the additional formula T_eq=ΔH/ΔS and is valid only when ΔS is nonzero; a positive physical crossover temperature is not guaranteed.

- The inverse relation needed to calculate K from ΔG° is not listed explicitly: K=exp(−ΔG°/(RT)).

- A negative ΔG establishes thermodynamic favorability under the specified conditions, not that the reaction will proceed at an observable rate; kinetic limitations are not represented.

### Unit assumptions

- T must be in kelvin, not degrees Celsius.

- ΔH and TΔS must use compatible energy units; for example, convert ΔS from J/(mol·K) to kJ/(mol·K) before combining it with ΔH in kJ/mol.

- R must use matching energy units: 8.314462618 J/(mol·K) or 0.008314462618 kJ/(mol·K).

- K is dimensionless and must be defined from a specified standard state; it is not a quantity with units.

- The formulas assume ΔH and ΔS are applicable at the supplied temperature; temperature dependence of heat capacities is ignored unless separately modeled.

- Spontaneity means ΔG<0 is favorable, ΔG=0 is equilibrium, and ΔG>0 is unfavorable for the stated direction under the stated conditions.

## Boundary hardening

**BREAK_CLAIMED** · SELF_FLAGGED

The crossover-temperature calculation has an explicit division-by-zero failure when ΔS=0 and must return undefined or reject the request. The specification also leaves unit and direction conventions implicit, allowing a 1000-fold entropy-unit error or a reversed spontaneity verdict if conventions are not enforced.

## Errata and corrections

No applied erratum is attached to this unique-name record.

## Inspectable example

4 review vectors are recorded. One source-bound sample is shown below.

````
{
  "inputs": {
    "ΔH": "-100 kJ/mol",
    "ΔS": "-200 J/(mol·K)",
    "T": "298 K"
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "ΔG": "-40.4 kJ/mol",
    "spontaneity": "favorable (ΔG<0)",
    "crossover_temperature": "500 K"
  },
  "working": "Convert ΔS: −200 J/(mol·K) ÷ 1000 = −0.200 kJ/(mol·K). Compute TΔS: 298 K × (−0.200 kJ/(mol·K)) = −59.6 kJ/mol. Compute ΔG: −100 kJ/mol − (−59.6 kJ/mol) = −40.4 kJ/mol. Since ΔG<0, the direction is thermodynamically favorable. Set ΔG=0 for crossover: T_eq=ΔH/ΔS=(−100 kJ/mol)/(−0.200 kJ/(mol·K))=500 K."
}
````

## Related workflows

[Reaction Energetics BenchΔG, K](<https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instrument-workflows/reaction-energetics/>)

## Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

- `VERIFIED_LEDGER.json · VERIFIED_CLEAN`

- `evidence-tranche4/tranche4-results.json`

- `BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json`