Source: https://guthlabs.ai/docs/instruments/mass-energy-equivalence-calculator-e-mc2/
instrument / verified-clean
# Mass-Energy Equivalence Calculator (E=mc²)
The current ledger marks this instrument verified clean within the source-bound verification corpus.
Status: **VERIFIED_CLEAN**Lifecycle: **verified-clean**
## Inspectable records
[01**Overview**Purpose and lifecycle]()[02**Mechanism**Method and assumptions]()[03**Implementation**Binding and validation]()[04**Qualification**Evidence and errata]()
## Ledger state
The current ledger marks this instrument verified clean within the source-bound verification corpus.
**Area**: Physics — Kinematics/Projectiles/Orbits, Forces/Energy/Momentum, Rotational Dynamics, Gravitation, Oscillations/Waves, Optics, E&M Fields, Relativity, Quantum, Statistical Thermo
**Tranche**: tranche-5
**Evidence ID**: t5-224
**Ledger rows**: 1
No ledger note is attached.
## Review findings
The core formula is correct, but the specification needs an exact definition of the mass/Δm input and an unambiguous treatment of the “MeV toggle.” It should state whether MeV is an output unit, an input energy-equivalent unit, or shorthand for MeV/c² mass. The “paperclip” preset should identify its assumed mass and should not imply that all rest energy can be extracted in practice.
### Formula and scope findings
- E=mc² is the correct standard formula for rest-energy equivalence when mass is expressed in kilograms and c is in m/s.
- For mass-defect energy release, the formula must use the mass defect Δm, not necessarily the object's total mass; the interface does not distinguish these quantities.
- The stated “kg or amu/MeV toggle” is ambiguous: MeV is an energy unit, while an input mass would conventionally be expressed in MeV/c². The conversion behavior is not specified.
### Unit assumptions
- Use exact c = 299792458 m/s, so c² = 8.9875517873681764×10^16 m²/s².
- Use 1 u = 1.66053906660×10^-27 kg.
- Use 1 eV = 1.602176634×10^-19 J exactly, hence 1 MeV = 1.602176634×10^-13 J.
- Use 1 kWh = 3.6×10^6 J exactly.
- For amu inputs, interpret amu as unified atomic mass unit u.
- For mass-defect calculations, interpret the supplied mass as Δm and require Δm ≥ 0 for an energy-release result.
## Boundary hardening
**BREAK_CLAIMED** · SELF_FLAGGED
The extreme finite-looking input mass = 1e308 kg overflows the plain JavaScript arithmetic result to Infinity, so the instrument needs an explicit range check or overflow handling. A separate semantic hazard exists for negative mass defects because signed E is negative while released energy is normally reported as a positive magnitude.
## Errata and corrections
No applied erratum is attached to this unique-name record.
## Inspectable example
4 review vectors are recorded. One source-bound sample is shown below.
````
{
"inputs": {
"mass": 1,
"mass_unit": "kg",
"calculation": "rest_energy"
},
"expected_outputs": {
"energy_J": 89875517873681760,
"energy_MeV": 5.609588603804452e+29,
"energy_kWh": 24965421631.578266
},
"working": "E = mc² = 1 kg × (299792458 m/s)² = 1 × 8.9875517873681764×10^16 = 8.9875517873681764×10^16 J.\\nE(MeV) = 8.9875517873681764×10^16 J ÷ 1.602176634×10^-13 J/MeV = 5.609588603804452×10^29 MeV.\\nE(kWh) = 8.9875517873681764×10^16 J ÷ 3.6×10^6 J/kWh = 2.4965421631578266×10^10 kWh = 24965421631.578266 kWh."
}
````
## Related workflows
No source-defined multi-instrument workflow membership is recorded.
## Sources and evidence
These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.
- `VERIFIED_LEDGER.json · VERIFIED_CLEAN`
- `evidence-tranche5/tranche5-results.json`
- `BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json`