A guide to the language

AI assurance and discovery glossary

Plain-language terms for understanding workflow assessments, related business needs, and AI discovery. Service links indicate the nearest topic, not a promise that every listed activity is included.

These terms describe overlapping goals and different kinds of work. A term appearing here does not mean every activity is included in an assessment. The scope determines what is tested and what evidence you receive.

What the categories mean

These concepts answer different questions. A service link identifies the nearest topic; its fit label defines the relationship.

AI workflow assurance

Evidence from scoped checks of an existing workflow, with findings, tested limits, and next steps.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI assurance

Evidence supporting a specific claim about an AI system, communicated with its limitations.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI governance

Rules, responsibilities, and decision processes for how AI is developed and used.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI risk management

Identifying possible harms or failures, deciding which matter, and managing the response.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI evaluation

Measuring system behavior against stated criteria using selected examples or methods.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI observability

Records of execution, such as logs and traces; these help investigation but do not establish correctness.

Related practice; agree the scope

Responsible AI

Principles and practices for considering how AI affects people throughout its use.

Related practice; agree the scope

Compliance

Meeting applicable obligations. A workflow assessment alone does not establish legal compliance.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

Certification

A formal determination under a particular scheme. Guth's workflow assessment does not award certification.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

Assessing an existing workflow

These phrases lead to a bounded assessment of agreed sources, actions, and test scenarios.

AI assurance services

Scoped assessment work that produces findings and supporting evidence about an existing AI workflow.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI workflow assessment

Reviewing one workflow's sources, permissions, and behavior against agreed criteria.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI agent audit

A technical assessment of an agent's behavior and permitted actions; here, audit means workflow review.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI agent assessment

Another name for a scoped technical review of an agent and the workflow around it.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI risk assessment services

Assessing likely workflow failures and consequences to prioritize checks and controls.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

agentic AI assurance

Assessment of systems that select steps or use tools, including the limits on their actions.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

Rules and responsibility

Workflow-level governance review and organization-wide implementation have different scopes.

AI governance consulting

Advice on ownership, rules, and review processes; an organization-wide engagement needs its own scope.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

AI governance assessment

Reviewing whether stated responsibilities, rules, and oversight arrangements are clear and evidenced.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI governance implementation

Putting governance processes and controls into operation; implementation requires a separate agreed scope.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

AI governance framework

An organized set of roles, policies, controls, and review processes for AI use.

Related practice; agree the scope

generative AI governance

Governance applied to systems that generate content, including source use, review, and publishing responsibilities.

Related practice; agree the scope

agent governance

Rules about an agent's tools, permissions, decision limits, and accountable human owners.

Related practice; agree the scope

agentic governance

A market phrase for governance of systems that plan or act through tools; closely related to agent governance.

Related practice; agree the scope

Owners, approvals, and records

These terms describe controls or evidence that can be examined within an agreed workflow.

AI oversight

How responsible people review AI behavior and intervene when needed.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI accountability

Who is answerable for decisions about the workflow and for responding when it fails.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

human oversight of AI

The human review and intervention points built into an AI workflow.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI controls assessment

Checking whether specified safeguards exist and behave as expected in selected cases.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI approval workflows

The steps requiring a person's authorization before an AI-generated action proceeds.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI autonomy controls

Limits on which decisions and actions an agent can take without further approval.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI audit trail

A reviewable record of inputs, actions, approvals, and outcomes; its completeness must also be checked.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

Testing behavior

A test result applies to the cases, criteria, versions, and conditions recorded with it.

LLM evaluation

Measuring language-model behavior against chosen criteria; model-level results may differ from whole-workflow results.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

LLM testing

Running selected cases to observe language-model outputs and failures; one activity within a broader evaluation.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI agent evaluation

Testing an agent's decisions, tool use, and outcomes against stated expectations.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

chatbot testing

Checking a conversational workflow's responses, source use, and handoffs with representative questions.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI validation

Checking whether evidence supports suitability for an intended use and its acceptance criteria.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI reliability testing

Checking consistency and failure patterns across repeated or varied conditions.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

agent regression testing

Rerunning established cases after a change to detect behavior that has worsened.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI requalification

Rechecking whether earlier acceptance still holds after relevant changes; criteria and evidence must be stated.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

Sources and retrieval

Finding a document, quoting it, and correctly applying it are separate checks.

RAG evaluation

Testing retrieval-augmented generation: which material is retrieved and how the answer uses it.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

retrieval quality

How well retrieved material matches the question, including relevance, coverage, and freshness.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI grounding

Connecting an answer to appropriate evidence or context; the connection still needs checking.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

citation verification

Checking that a cited source exists and supports the associated claim.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

source provenance

The origin and history of a source, including version and transformations when available.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI knowledge accuracy

Whether the information used or produced is correct for the question and context being tested.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

stale knowledge

Outdated information that may produce an answer inconsistent with current policy or facts.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI data quality

The fitness of data for its intended use, including correctness, completeness, and relevant context.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

Permissions and security vocabulary

These are distinct security topics. Specialist work needs explicit scope, authorization, and a competence check.

AI red teaming

Adversarial testing designed to uncover failures; a scoped exercise cannot demonstrate universal security.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

prompt injection testing

Testing whether untrusted instructions can redirect a model or its tools beyond intended behavior.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

agent permission testing

Checking whether an agent can access only the resources and actions it has been authorized to use.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

tool-use safety

Examining hazards when an AI system invokes tools, including authorization and consequences.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

excessive agency

A risk arising when a system has more functionality, permission, or autonomy than its task needs.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

AI data leakage testing

Testing agreed scenarios in which information might be disclosed to an unauthorized destination.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

Change and ongoing operation

A one-time assessment does not include an ongoing monitoring or incident-response service.

AI monitoring

Ongoing observation of selected signals and failures, requiring separately agreed coverage and response duties.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

model drift

A change affecting model performance as data, conditions, or the model itself change over time.

Related practice; agree the scope

behavioral drift

Observed changes in system behavior, potentially caused by tools, prompts, policies, or sources as well as models.

Related practice; agree the scope

continuous AI assurance

Recurring evidence collection and review; cadence, coverage, and ownership require separate agreement.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

AI change management

Recording, reviewing, and testing changes before and after they affect an AI workflow.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI lifecycle governance

Responsibility and review processes spanning introduction, operation, change, and retirement of AI.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI incident management

Processes for reporting, investigating, containing, and learning from AI failures; response services need separate scope.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

Principles and affected people

These qualities are related, but testing one does not establish all of them.

responsible AI consulting

Advice on translating responsible-AI principles into practices; broader programs require separate qualification.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

trustworthy AI

An umbrella description of desired qualities that must be supported by specific evidence in context.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

ethical AI

Considering values and effects on people when deciding how AI should be developed or used.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

AI transparency

Making relevant information about an AI system and its use understandable and available.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

explainable AI

Methods or information intended to help people understand an output or behavior; explanations also need scrutiny.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

AI fairness

A context-dependent concern about equitable treatment and outcomes, requiring explicit criteria and affected-group consideration.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

AI bias assessment

Examining specified forms of bias with suitable evidence and methods; it does not prove universal fairness.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

algorithmic accountability

Responsibility and mechanisms for examining, challenging, and addressing decisions influenced by algorithms.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

Business and supplier review

These terms help scope a conversation about suppliers or internal controls. Organization-wide programs exceed a single workflow assessment.

AI vendor assessment

Reviewing a supplier's documented capabilities, limitations, terms, and evidence for an intended use.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

third-party AI risk

Risks introduced through external AI suppliers, models, data, or connected services.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI due diligence

A structured investigation of relevant AI claims and dependencies before a business decision.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

AI inventory

A maintained list of AI systems and uses, with owners and relevant dependencies.

Related practice; agree the scope

model inventory

A record of models and versions in use; narrower than an inventory of complete AI workflows.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI risk register

A record of identified risks, owners, treatments, and review status.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI policy review

Checking the clarity and implementation of internal AI rules; legal review is a separate professional question.

Related practice; agree the scope

model risk management

Managing risks arising from model use, including assumptions, limitations, validation, and change.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

AI GRC

Governance, risk, and compliance activities concerning AI; a broad program label, not a single assessment.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

Standards and legal vocabulary

Educational definitions for scoping discussions. Listing a standard does not claim certification, conformity, or legal advice.

NIST AI RMF assessment

Reviewing practices against selected parts of NIST's voluntary AI Risk Management Framework; this is not government approval.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

ISO/IEC 42001 readiness

Preparation against requirements of the AI management-system standard; readiness work is distinct from certification.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

ISO/IEC 23894

An international standard providing guidance on AI risk management.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

AI impact assessment

Examining potential effects of an AI system on people and its surrounding context.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

algorithmic impact assessment

Examining effects of algorithmic decision-making; methods and obligations depend on the context.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

EU AI Act readiness

Preparation for potentially applicable EU AI Act duties; determining obligations requires qualified legal analysis.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

AI conformity assessment

Evaluating whether specified requirements are met under a relevant process; this is not synonymous with a general workflow review.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

Other labels you may encounter

These phrases can overlap with assessment work, but they do not establish a common scope or assurance level.

AI trust management

A broad label for practices intended to support justified confidence in AI; specific evidence and controls still matter.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI TRiSM

Gartner's label for AI trust, risk, and security management, spanning several technical capabilities and disciplines.

Background terminology; not a Guth certification or legal service

AI quality assurance

Planned checks and processes for maintaining specified quality criteria in an AI workflow.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI safety testing

Testing selected possibilities of harm under agreed conditions; specialist or high-stakes work needs separate scope.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

AI assurance case

A structured argument connecting a defined claim to supporting evidence, assumptions, and limitations.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI control framework

An organized set of controls tied to risks, responsibilities, and evidence requirements.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI governance maturity assessment

Reviewing governance practices against a stated maturity model; the model and evidence determine what the result means.

Separately scoped; availability must be confirmed

Questions businesses ask

Practical starting points for choosing what to assess.

how to check AI answers

Compare claims with appropriate current sources and record unsupported statements, errors, and uncertainty.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

can my chatbot use old policies

It may retrieve obsolete material; test conflicting versions and check how the current policy is selected.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

how to test an AI agent before launch

Define permitted actions and acceptance criteria, then run representative and failure cases with recorded results.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

how to audit an AI workflow

Inventory sources and actions, agree test criteria, and record observations, limitations, and next steps.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

evidence for AI decisions

Identify the source, relevant inputs, action history, and approval record needed to review a particular outcome.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

Working with implementers

These review topics can support a customer handoff. Scope and reviewer relationships should be clear.

AI agency quality assurance

Review of agreed quality checks around an agency-built workflow; review independence must be disclosed.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI implementation review

Examining how an implemented workflow matches documented requirements and permission boundaries.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

agent handoff checklist

A record of owners, configuration, limits, test evidence, and operating instructions needed for a handoff.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

customer AI acceptance testing

Testing against criteria agreed with the customer before they accept the workflow.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

AI deployment review

Examining release evidence, configuration, access, and rollback arrangements; it does not certify production readiness.

Relevant to a scoped workflow assessment

Search and AI discovery

These marketing labels overlap. Crawlability, indexing, citations, visits, and inquiries are different outcomes.

SEO

Search engine optimization: improving a site's accessibility, relevance, and presentation for search discovery.

Related practice; agree the scope

AEO

Answer engine optimization: a marketing label for making content useful and understandable in answer-based experiences.

Related practice; agree the scope

GEO

Generative engine optimization: a marketing label for improving how content can be found and used in generated answers.

Related practice; agree the scope

AI search optimization

Work on content and technical discoverability for AI-supported search; there is no universal submission channel.

Related practice; agree the scope

LLM visibility

A broad label for whether information about a business appears in language-model experiences; measurement depends on the experience.

Related practice; agree the scope

crawling

Fetching pages or resources. A crawler visit does not establish indexing or a recommendation.

Related practice; agree the scope

indexing

Processing content into a search system's index; crawl access alone does not guarantee inclusion.

Related practice; agree the scope

retrieval

Selecting information to use for a query, from an index, direct fetch, or connected source.

Related practice; agree the scope

answer selection

An answering system's choice of material and claims to include; discovery alone does not determine that choice.

Related practice; agree the scope

citation

A source reference in an answer; its presence is distinct from a visit, endorsement, or sale.

Related practice; agree the scope

referral visit

A visit arriving through another site or experience; attribution may be incomplete.

Related practice; agree the scope

inquiry

A person's request for information or help; it is a separate event from a citation or visit.

Related practice; agree the scope