Capacitor Energy & Charge Calculator mechanism

Model scope

The E and Q formulas are correct under the stated SI-unit assumptions. The specification is ambiguous and incomplete for the claimed RC charge-time output: it does not define the time target, resistance, final voltage, or formula. The blank honest_label should not imply that RC charge time is supported until those requirements are added; the label should accurately state that the current verified functionality is capacitor energy and charge only.

• E=1/2CV^2 is the standard energy stored in an ideal capacitor when C is in farads and V is in volts.
• Q=CV is the standard capacitor charge relationship; Q is signed if voltage polarity is represented, otherwise the calculator should label it as charge magnitude.
• The instrument claims to compute RC charge time, but no RC-time formula, resistance input, final voltage, target voltage, or target fraction is specified. A standard charging-time formula is t=-RC ln(1-V_target/V_final), so the RC feature cannot be verified or implemented from this specification.
• The declared outputs list only E and Q, which conflicts with the stated computation of RC charge time.

Units and conventions

• C must be converted to farads (F), V must be in volts (V), E is returned in joules (J), and Q is returned in coulombs (C).
• For the RC-time feature, resistance would need to be in ohms (ohm), time would be in seconds (s), and V_target/V_final must be dimensionless.
• Capacitance must be positive; voltage may be signed for charge polarity, while stored energy remains nonnegative because voltage is squared.

Inspectable vector

One of 4 source-bound review vectors:

{
  "inputs": {
    "C": 100,
    "C_unit": "uF",
    "V": 12,
    "V_unit": "V"
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "E_J": 0.0072,
    "Q_C": 0.0012
  },
  "working": "Convert capacitance: 100 uF = 100 x 10^-6 F = 0.0001 F. Energy: E = 1/2 x C x V^2 = 1/2 x 0.0001 x 12^2 = 0.5 x 0.0001 x 144 = 0.0072 J. Charge: Q = C x V = 0.0001 x 12 = 0.0012 C."
}

Failure boundary

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

Extreme finite inputs overflow JavaScript arithmetic to Infinity for both outputs. Additionally, the specification claims RC charge time but supplies no resistance, time constant, or RC-time formula, so that output cannot be computed from the stated inputs and formulas.

Other records

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json
• evidence-tranche5/tranche5-results.json
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json