Cooling Tower Approach/Range Calculator mechanism

Model scope

Range and approach are verifiable as specified. The instrument cannot be fully verified until the effectiveness formula and output-unit behavior are made explicit. Test-vector effectiveness values use the common provisional formula Effectiveness=Range/(Range+Approach)×100.

• Range=Twater,in−Twater,out is the standard cooling-tower range formula, provided both water temperatures use the same unit and temperature scale.
• Approach=Twater,out−Twb is the standard cooling-tower approach formula, provided outlet-water and wet-bulb temperatures use the same unit and temperature scale.
• The output list includes effectiveness %, but no effectiveness formula is specified. A common definition is Effectiveness=(Range/(Range+Approach))×100=(Twater,in−Twater,out)/(Twater,in−Twb)×100; this must be explicitly added before implementation can be verified.
• The effectiveness formula is undefined when Twater,in=Twb because its denominator is zero.

Units and conventions

• All three temperatures must be supplied in the same unit and scale, such as all °C or all °F; mixing Celsius and Fahrenheit directly is invalid.
• Temperature differences may be calculated in either °C or °F, but the resulting Range and Approach units follow the input unit.
• The effectiveness percentage is dimensionless, so its ratio is unchanged when all temperatures are consistently converted between °C and °F.
• No output temperature unit is specified; the interface should label Range and Approach with the input unit.

Inspectable vector

One of 4 source-bound review vectors:

{
  "inputs": {
    "water_in_temperature": 35,
    "water_out_temperature": 29,
    "wet_bulb_temperature": 25,
    "temperature_unit": "°C"
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "range": 6,
    "approach": 4,
    "effectiveness_percent": 60
  },
  "working": "Range = 35 − 29 = 6 °C. Approach = 29 − 25 = 4 °C. Effectiveness = [6 ÷ (6 + 4)] × 100 = (6 ÷ 10) × 100 = 60%."
}

Failure boundary

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

The effectiveness denominator can be zero, producing an undefined result, and negative approach or range values can produce mathematically finite but physically invalid outputs. Additionally, the specification lists effectiveness as an output but does not explicitly provide its formula; the calculations above assume the conventional formula Range/(Range+Approach) × 100.

Other records

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json
• evidence-tranche4/tranche4-results.json
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json