Faraday's Law Electrolysis Calculator mechanism

Model scope

The exact ambiguities requiring review are: whether time inputs are seconds, minutes, or hours; whether 'gas produced' means gas moles, mass, or volume; which balanced reaction and electron stoichiometry apply to a gas; what pressure and temperature apply if volume is intended; and whether required-current/time inverse calculations are part of the supported implementation. The current formulas are valid under the stated unit and stoichiometric assumptions, but the product label should not claim general gas production until those inputs and formulas are defined.

• n_mol e-=It/F is correct only when current is in amperes and time is in seconds, because A·s = C.
• mass=n_mol e-×M/z is correct for deposition or production of a species requiring z electrons per formula unit, with M in g/mol and z as a positive electron count. It is not sufficient by itself to calculate gas moles or gas volume without the reaction stoichiometry and, for volume, temperature and pressure.
• The specification claims required current/time calculations but provides no explicit inverse formulas: I=mFz/(tM) and t=mFz/(IM).
• The phrase 'gas produced' is underspecified: electron moles must be converted to gas moles using the balanced half-reaction stoichiometric electron count, and gas volume requires stated thermodynamic conditions.

Units and conventions

• F=96485 C/mol e−.
• Current is in amperes (C/s).
• Time is in seconds; minutes or hours must be converted before applying n_e=It/F.
• Molar mass M is in g/mol, producing mass in grams.
• z is a positive, dimensionless number of electrons per deposited atom or produced formula unit; use the magnitude of ionic charge where applicable.
• For gas calculations, the gas amount requires balanced-reaction stoichiometry; gas volume additionally requires pressure and temperature or an explicitly stated molar volume.

Inspectable vector

One of 4 source-bound review vectors:

{
  "inputs": {
    "current_A": 2,
    "time_s": 3600,
    "molar_mass_g_per_mol": 63.546,
    "z": 2
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "moles_electron": 0.074623004,
    "mass_g": 2.370997
  },
  "working": "Q=It=(2.0 A)(3600 s)=7200 C. n_e=Q/F=7200/96485=0.074623004 mol e−. mass=n_e×M/z=0.074623004×63.546/2=2.370997 g."
}

Failure boundary

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

The valid-looking input z=0 causes an undefined mass calculation through division by zero; the calculator must reject it explicitly.

Other records

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json
• evidence-tranche4/tranche4-results.json
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json