Ideal Gas Law Solver mechanism

Model scope

The core formulas are standard under the stated assumptions, but the undefined 'R or M' gas-selection behavior and missing absolute-unit constraints require clarification before an unqualified PASS verdict.

• PV=nRT is the standard ideal-gas equation, but the input description 'gas selection (R or M)' is ambiguous: molar mass M cannot substitute for the universal gas constant R in PV=nRT. If mass and molar mass are intended, the formula must instead define n=m/M or use PV=mR_specificT with R_specific=R/M.
• P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2 is valid only for a fixed amount of the same gas, with constant n and the same gas identity in both states.
• The specification does not state that temperature must be absolute Kelvin or that pressure must be absolute rather than gauge pressure.
• The phrase 'any 3 of P, V, n, T' is incomplete without specifying the unit system and the required conversion behavior for non-SI inputs.

Units and conventions

• For PV=nRT with R=8.314 J/(mol·K), use P in Pa, V in m³, n in mol, and T in K; the result is dimensionally consistent.
• If pressure is supplied in atm, volume in L, or temperature in °C, those values must be converted before applying the SI-valued R.
• Temperature in both formulas must be absolute Kelvin; 0 °C equals 273.15 K, not 0 K.
• P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2 assumes absolute pressures and volumes expressed in consistent units on both sides; identical pressure and volume units may cancel in the ratio.
• The listed R=8.314 J/(mol·K) is a rounded value, so outputs should be treated as rounded to appropriate significant figures.

Inspectable vector

One of 4 source-bound review vectors:

{
  "inputs": {
    "solve_for": "n",
    "P": 100000,
    "P_unit": "Pa",
    "V": 0.024942,
    "V_unit": "m^3",
    "T": 300,
    "T_unit": "K",
    "R": 8.314,
    "R_unit": "J/(mol·K)"
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "n": 1,
    "n_unit": "mol"
  },
  "working": "n=PV/(RT)=(100000 Pa×0.024942 m^3)/(8.314 J/(mol·K)×300 K)=2494.2/2494.2=1 mol."
}

Failure boundary

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

The solver should reject T=0 K as outside the ideal-gas validity range and reject n=0 when solving T because the denominator nR vanishes. A convention error also produces a severe numerical error when Celsius is treated as Kelvin.

Other records

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json
• evidence-tranche2/batch10-output.jsonl
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json