Kc ⇄ Kp Converter mechanism

Model scope

The mathematical relation is conditionally correct, but the instrument cannot honestly claim a universal Kc/Kp conversion until it specifies ideal-gas assumptions, temperature units, pressure and concentration bases, standard-state treatment, and the reverse-operation behavior. Verdict is NEEDS_REVIEW because the exact unit convention is unspecified.

• Kp=Kc(RT)^Δn is the standard ideal-gas relation only when Δn counts gaseous products minus gaseous reactants and all equilibrium-constant units or standard states are consistent.
• The reverse operation is not explicitly given; it must be Kc=Kp/(RT)^Δn.
• The specification does not state whether Kc and Kp are dimensional concentration/pressure constants or dimensionless standard-state constants. For dimensionless constants, standard concentration and pressure factors must be defined.
• The formula assumes ideal-gas behavior; this limitation is not stated.

Units and conventions

• Temperature must be absolute temperature in kelvin; if Celsius is accepted, convert with T_K=T_°C+273.15.
• With R=8.314 J/(mol·K), pressure is represented in pascals and concentration in mol/m^3 for the direct dimensional interpretation.
• Δn must count only gaseous species and equals gaseous-product stoichiometric coefficients minus gaseous-reactant stoichiometric coefficients.
• The numeric units of Kc and Kp depend on Δn; the interface must identify their unit or standard-state convention.
• Equilibrium constants must be positive, and physical temperature must be greater than 0 K.

Inspectable vector

One of 4 source-bound review vectors:

{
  "inputs": {
    "Kc": 2.5,
    "delta_n": 1,
    "temperature_K": 298.15,
    "Kc_basis": "mol/m^3",
    "Kp_basis": "Pa"
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "Kp": 6197.04775
  },
  "working": "RT=8.314×298.15=2478.8191. (RT)^Δn=2478.8191^1=2478.8191. Kp=Kc×(RT)^Δn=2.5×2478.8191=6197.04775 Pa."
}

Failure boundary

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

An unvalidated input of T = 0 K with Δn = -1 produces 0^-1, an undefined division by zero. Temperature-unit ambiguity can also produce an incorrect result if a Celsius value is accepted as Kelvin.

Other records

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json
• evidence-tranche4/tranche4-results.json
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json