Ksp Solubility Calculator mechanism

Model scope

The four vectors are valid under the stated concentration-based, ideal-dilute assumptions. Implementation should add common-ion identity, molar mass or chemical formula, temperature/database metadata, validation of physical roots, and explicit activity-versus-concentration labeling.

• The core concentration-based relation Ksp=[A]^x[B]^y is standard for a salt dissolving as A_xB_y(s) ⇌ xA + yB, but the common-ion formula is underspecified: the instrument must identify whether the added ion is A or B and apply the corresponding stoichiometric substitution.
• The advertised g/L output requires a molar mass, but molar mass or chemical formula is absent from the listed inputs.
• The specification does not state whether Ksp values use concentrations or activities. The stated equation is valid as a concentration approximation for sufficiently dilute solutions, not universally as a thermodynamic activity expression.
• For higher stoichiometries, the physical nonnegative root must be selected; polynomial equations can have multiple mathematical roots. The inverse calculation from s to Ksp is not explicitly defined, although it follows from the stated equation.

Units and conventions

• Ksp is dimensionless or treated numerically in the conventional concentration-standard-state convention.
• All dissolved concentrations and common-ion concentrations are in mol/L (M); any mM input must be converted to M before calculation.
• The solid phase activity is 1, temperature is fixed, and activity-coefficient effects are neglected.
• g/L is calculated as s in mol/L multiplied by molar mass in g/mol.
• The listed molar masses are an additional required input when g/L is requested.

Inspectable vector

One of 4 source-bound review vectors:

{
  "inputs": {
    "salt": "AgCl",
    "x": 1,
    "y": 1,
    "Ksp": 1.8e-10,
    "common_ion": null,
    "molar_mass_g_per_mol": 143.321
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "molar_solubility_s_M": 0.00001341640786,
    "solubility_g_per_L": 0.001922852991
  },
  "working": "AgCl ⇌ Ag+ + Cl−, so [Ag+]=s and [Cl−]=s. Ksp=s^2. s=sqrt(1.8×10^−10)=sqrt(1.8)×10^−5=1.341640786×10^−5 M. g/L=s×M=1.341640786×10^−5×143.321=1.922852991×10^−3 g/L."
}

Failure boundary

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

The negative-Ksp vector must be rejected because the real solubility formula has a negative square-root argument. The specification also leaves unit interpretation and the distinction between free-ion and total common-ion concentration insufficiently explicit, creating possible incorrect results if the interface accepts an unqualified numeric common-ion value.

Other records

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json
• evidence-tranche6/tranche6-results.json
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json