Impulse-Momentum Calculator

Inspectable records

Ledger state

The current ledger marks this instrument verified clean within the source-bound verification corpus.

Area

Physics — Kinematics/Projectiles/Orbits, Forces/Energy/Momentum, Rotational Dynamics, Gravitation, Oscillations/Waves, Optics, E&M Fields, Relativity, Quantum, Statistical Thermo

Tranche

tranche-4

Evidence ID

t4-191

Ledger rows

1

No ledger note is attached.

Review findings

The listed relationships are standard under constant-mass, one-dimensional assumptions, but the specification needs clarification of force variability, vector handling, required inputs for each output, and unit normalization before it can receive PASS.

Formula and scope findings

• J=FΔt is correct only when F is constant or represents the average net force over the interval; the general formula is J=∫F(t)dt.
• The formula for velocity change from force-time inputs must explicitly include Δv=J/m=FΔt/m; without mass, F and Δt alone cannot determine Δv.
• Impulse and momentum change are vectors. A scalar implementation needs an explicit one-dimensional or componentwise sign convention.
• The relation mΔv assumes constant mass. Variable-mass systems require additional treatment.

Unit assumptions

• Use net force, not an arbitrary single force, and use SI units: F in newtons, Δt in seconds, m in kilograms, Δv in meters per second, J in newton-seconds (equivalent to kg·m/s).
• F, Δv, and J are treated as signed scalar quantities along one chosen axis, or as corresponding vector components.
• The time interval Δt is a nonnegative duration.
• If alternative units are accepted, they must be converted consistently; for example, 1 kN=1000 N and 1 ms=0.001 s.

Boundary hardening

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

A zero-mass input creates an undefined velocity-change result through division by zero. The sign convention is also underspecified: treating force as signed versus magnitude-only changes both impulse and velocity-change signs.

Errata and corrections

No applied erratum is attached to this unique-name record.

Inspectable example

4 review vectors are recorded. One source-bound sample is shown below.

{
  "inputs": {
    "F_N": 120,
    "delta_t_s": 0.25,
    "m_kg": 60
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "J_Ns": 30,
    "delta_v_m_per_s": 0.5
  },
  "working": "J=FΔt=120 N×0.25 s=30 N·s. Δv=J/m=30 kg·m/s÷60 kg=0.5 m/s."
}

Related workflows

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json · VERIFIED_CLEAN
• evidence-tranche4/tranche4-results.json
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json