Pan Law / Stereo Balance Level Calculator

Inspectable records

Ledger state

The current ledger marks this instrument verified clean within the source-bound verification corpus.

Area

Audio, Music, Photography & Color

Tranche

tranche-5

Evidence ID

t5-106

Ledger rows

1

No ledger note is attached.

Review findings

The instrument cannot be honestly labeled as computing standard -3 dB, -4.5 dB, and -6 dB center pan laws until panLawGain semantics, pan-position mapping, output-unit conversion, and the exact pan-law curve are specified. The empty honest_label is a concern: the current behavior should not be marketed as a standard pan-law calculator without those definitions.

Formula and scope findings

• The formula produces linear amplitude gains, but the declared outputs are gains in dB; each nonzero result requires conversion with gain_dB=20*log10(gain_linear).
• panLawGain is undefined: the spec does not state whether it is 10^(panLaw_dB/20), a center-channel gain, or another normalized factor.
• If panLawGain=10^(panLaw_dB/20), the stated pan-law value is not actually the center-channel output at theta=45 degrees: the center result is panLaw_dB-3.0103 dB because cos(45°)=sin(45°)=0.7071.
• A standard constant-power pan law normally uses L=cos(theta), R=sin(theta), with the center attenuation determined by the curve or an explicit normalization. Multiplying both channels by one global panLawGain does not clearly implement standard -3 dB, -4.5 dB, and -6 dB center laws.
• The mapping from the user-facing pan position to theta is unspecified: the spec does not say whether input is 0-1, -1 to +1, a percentage, or degrees, nor which endpoint is left or right.

Unit assumptions

• The test vectors assume pan position is supplied directly in degrees, with 0°=full left, 90°=full right, and 45°=center.
• The test vectors assume panLawGain=10^(panLaw_dB/20), where panLaw_dB is a negative attenuation relative to unity amplitude.
• Linear gains are dimensionless amplitude ratios referenced to unity gain, and dB outputs use 20*log10(amplitude ratio).
• A zero linear gain is represented as -Infinity dB; JSON has no numeric representation for negative infinity, so it is represented as the string "-Infinity" in expected_outputs.

Boundary hardening

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

Hard-left and hard-right positions produce a zero linear gain on one channel. Converting that channel to dB requires log10(0), so a finite numeric dB output is undefined; the instrument must explicitly return -Infinity or reject the result. The specification also does not state the pan-position convention or explicitly define the linear-to-dB conversion.

Errata and corrections

No applied erratum is attached to this unique-name record.

Inspectable example

4 review vectors are recorded. One source-bound sample is shown below.

{
  "inputs": {
    "pan_position_degrees": 0,
    "pan_law_db": -3
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "left_gain_linear": 0.70794578,
    "right_gain_linear": 0,
    "left_gain_db": -3,
    "right_gain_db": "-Infinity"
  },
  "working": "panLawGain=10^(-3/20)=10^(-0.15)=0.70794578. theta=0°. L=cos(0°)*0.70794578=1*0.70794578=0.70794578. R=sin(0°)*0.70794578=0*0.70794578=0. 20*log10(0.70794578)=-3 dB. 20*log10(0)=-Infinity dB."
}

Related workflows

No source-defined multi-instrument workflow membership is recorded.

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json · VERIFIED_CLEAN
• evidence-tranche5/tranche5-results.json
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json