Transformer Efficiency & Losses Estimator mechanism

Model scope

The honest label is appropriate, but the implementation needs an explicit full-load copper-loss reference, decimal-versus-percent load convention, output-power formula, valid input constraints, and a defined efficiency-curve sweep before the specification can pass.

• η=Pout/(Pout+Pcu+Pfe) is standard when Pout is real output power and Pcu and Pfe are real losses in watts.
• Pcu∝(load%)² is incomplete as an executable formula: it must define a reference copper loss, normally Pcu(load)=Pcu_full_load×load_fraction².
• The specification does not state whether the copper-loss input is the full-load copper loss; this is required to calculate load-dependent copper loss.
• The specification uses load% while the input is called load fraction; the representation must be explicitly defined as either a decimal fraction from 0 to 1 or a percentage from 0 to 100.
• No explicit formula is provided for output power. Under the usual transformer model, Pout=rated_VA×load_fraction×PF.
• An efficiency curve requires a defined load sweep, domain, step size, and treatment of invalid load fractions; these are missing.

Units and conventions

• rated_VA is apparent power in VA.
• copper_loss_full_load_W and core_loss_W are real power losses in watts.
• PF is dimensionless and lies from 0 to 1; it is assumed constant over the load curve.
• load_fraction is a decimal fraction from 0 to 1, so 25% is entered as 0.25.
• Pout=rated_VA×load_fraction×PF, producing watts because VA×PF is treated as real watts.
• Core loss Pfe is assumed constant with load and frequency, voltage, and waveform.

Inspectable vector

One of 4 source-bound review vectors:

{
  "inputs": {
    "rated_VA": 1000,
    "copper_loss_full_load_W": 40,
    "core_loss_W": 10,
    "PF": 0.8,
    "load_fraction": 0.5
  },
  "expected_outputs": {
    "Pout_W": 400,
    "Pcu_W": 10,
    "Pfe_W": 10,
    "total_loss_W": 20,
    "efficiency": 0.9523809523809523,
    "efficiency_percent": 95.23809523809523
  },
  "working": "Pout=1000×0.5×0.8=400 W. Pcu=40×0.5²=40×0.25=10 W. Pfe=10 W. Total loss=10+10=20 W. η=400/(400+10+10)=400/420=20/21=0.9523809523809523=95.23809523809523%."
}

Failure boundary

BREAK_CLAIMED · SELF_FLAGGED

The zero-output, zero-loss combination produces an undefined 0/0 efficiency, and the specification does not define behavior for load fractions above 1.0 or the PF unit convention.

Other records

Sources and evidence

These pointers bind the page to evidence. They do not grant authority or collapse verification into deployment.

• VERIFIED_LEDGER.json
• evidence-tranche4/tranche4-results.json
• BOUNDARY_HAZARD_CATALOG.json